Build a Custom WordPress Theme from Scratch

Today i am telling you how to make a custom wordpress theme from scratch. If you’re confident with your CSS and HTML, it’s not hard at all to step up to the challenge of building a custom WordPress theme.
Here is the screenshot of Wordpress theme which we'll make :

Overview of Wordpress main files :

• header.php - Contains everything you'd want to appear at the top of your site.

• index.php - The core file that loads your theme, also acts as the homepage (unless you set your blog to display a static page).

• sidebar.php - Contains everything you'd want to appear in a sidebar.

• footer.php - Contains everything you'd want to appear at the bottom of your site.

• archive.php - The template file used when viewing categories, dates, posts by author, etc.

• single.php - The template file that's used when viewing an individual post.

• comments.php - Called at the bottom of the single.php file to enable the comments section.

• page.php - Similar to single.php, but used for WordPress pages.

• search.php - The template file used to display search results.

• 404.php - The template file that displays when a 404 error occurs.

• style.css - All the styling for your theme goes here.

• functions.php - A file that can be used to configure the WordPress core, without editing core files.

These tags tell WordPress where to insert the dynamic content. A good example is the <?php the_title(); ?> tag, which pulls in the post title and displays it in your theme:
Your HTML code :

Click to Enlarge

Now we go to build wordpress theme and the first step to make style.css (Configuring the stylesheet)
All the details of a WordPress theme are contained within the stylesheet. At the top of your style.css add the following code, then amend the details to suit.

/*
Theme Name: Sticky
Theme URI: http://www.s2ptech.blogspot.com
Description: Sticky WordPress theme
Version: 1
Author: Mukesh Kumar
Author URI: http://www.geekonjava.blogspot.com
*/

Now come to header.php
Open up your header.php file, and paste in the head section from your concept HTML file. Then we need to go in and replace certain elements with the correct WordPress template tags to ensure it all works correctly.

Click to Enlarge

Now building the index.php
The next step is to flesh out the main body of the website. Open up the index.php file and paste in the main bulk of the concept HTML.

Click for Enlarge

Now time to sidebar.php
The sidebar in my design is where the list of pages and categories are held. The sidebar.php file was called from the index using the get_sidebar(); tag, so anything within this sidebar.php file is inserted into the theme in the right place

Click for Enlarge

Rounding off the footer.php
The footer.php file is probably the most simple file for this theme. The only thing that goes in here is the wp_footer(); tag just before the </body>, so that any extra info can be inserted in the correct place.

Click for Enlarge

Constructing the page and single view
WordPress is made up of posts and pages. Posts use the single.php template file, whereas pages use the page.php template file.

They're pretty much the same, apart from that you tend to include the comments_template(); tag for posts, and not for pages.

Creating the archive.php
The archive.php file is used to display a list of posts whenever they're viewed by category, by author, by tag etc.

It's basically the same as the index file, but with the addition of a tag at the very top that renders a useful page title, so the user knows where they are. 'Browsing the Articles category' for instance.


Your Final resulting theme would look like : Sticky Wordpress Theme

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Run php page from any location on Localhost

As you know, If you want to run php pages using Xampp, You have to put your php pages under
htdocs folder.

But this is not necessary. You can put your files anywhere in your system.
Follow these steps to make this thing working:

If you are using Xampp

1. Open Xampp Control Panel, Click on "Config" button.

2. Then Click "Apache(httpd.conf)". A notepad will open.

If you are using Wamp

1. Goto apache --->  conf

2. Open "httpd.conf" with Notepad


3. Under this notepad, search for the term "DocumentRoot"

    You will see following line:
          

           DocumentRoot "C:/xampp/htdocs"
          <Directory "C:/xampp/htdocs">

4. Replace Red colored text with your desired path.

Now you can put your files under your desired path and you can run it successfully.

That's it.

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How to Detect Noise in Android

This is a simple example to create an app to detect Noise. When Noise/Sound frequency cross thersold vaule, You will get an alert.

Follow these steps:
1. Create an android project.
2.Create a Main activity (NoiseAlert.java)

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Context;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.PowerManager;
import android.util.Log;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class NoiseAlert extends Activity  {
        /* constants */
        private static final int POLL_INTERVAL = 300;
       
        /** running state **/
        private boolean mRunning = false;
        
        /** config state **/
        private int mThreshold;
        
        private PowerManager.WakeLock mWakeLock;

        private Handler mHandler = new Handler();

        /* References to view elements */
        private TextView mStatusView;
        private SoundLevelView mDisplay;

        /* data source */
        private SoundMeter mSensor;
        
        

     /****************** Define runnable thread again and again detect noise *********/
     
        private Runnable mSleepTask = new Runnable() {
                public void run() {
                    //Log.i("Noise", "runnable mSleepTask");
                        
                    start();
                }
        };
        
        // Create runnable thread to Monitor Voice
        private Runnable mPollTask = new Runnable() {
                public void run() {
                    
                        double amp = mSensor.getAmplitude();
                        //Log.i("Noise", "runnable mPollTask");
                        updateDisplay("Monitoring Voice...", amp);

                        if ((amp > mThreshold)) {
                              callForHelp();
                              //Log.i("Noise", "==== onCreate ===");
                              
                        }
                        
                        // Runnable(mPollTask) will again execute after POLL_INTERVAL
                        mHandler.postDelayed(mPollTask, POLL_INTERVAL);
                     
                }
        };
        
         /*********************************************************/
        
        /** Called when the activity is first created. */
        @Override
        public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
                super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
                
                // Defined SoundLevelView in main.xml file
                setContentView(R.layout.main);
                mStatusView = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.status);
               
                // Used to record voice
                mSensor = new SoundMeter();
                mDisplay = (SoundLevelView) findViewById(R.id.volume);
                
                PowerManager pm = (PowerManager) getSystemService(Context.POWER_SERVICE);
                mWakeLock = pm.newWakeLock(PowerManager.SCREEN_DIM_WAKE_LOCK, "NoiseAlert");
        }

        
        @Override
        public void onResume() {
                super.onResume();
                //Log.i("Noise", "==== onResume ===");
                
                initializeApplicationConstants();
                mDisplay.setLevel(0, mThreshold);
                
                if (!mRunning) {
                    mRunning = true;
                    start();
                }
        }

        @Override
        public void onStop() {
                super.onStop();
               // Log.i("Noise", "==== onStop ===");
               
                //Stop noise monitoring
                stop();
               
        }

        private void start() {
                //Log.i("Noise", "==== start ===");
            
                mSensor.start();
                if (!mWakeLock.isHeld()) {
                        mWakeLock.acquire();
                }
                
                //Noise monitoring start
                // Runnable(mPollTask) will execute after POLL_INTERVAL
                mHandler.postDelayed(mPollTask, POLL_INTERVAL);
        }

        private void stop() {
            Log.i("Noise", "==== Stop Noise Monitoring===");
                if (mWakeLock.isHeld()) {
                        mWakeLock.release();
                }
                mHandler.removeCallbacks(mSleepTask);
                mHandler.removeCallbacks(mPollTask);
                mSensor.stop();
                mDisplay.setLevel(0,0);
                updateDisplay("stopped...", 0.0);
                mRunning = false;
               
        }

       
        private void initializeApplicationConstants() {
                // Set Noise Threshold
                mThreshold = 8;
                
        }

        private void updateDisplay(String status, double signalEMA) {
                mStatusView.setText(status);
                //
                mDisplay.setLevel((int)signalEMA, mThreshold);
        }
        
        
        private void callForHelp() {
              
              //stop();
              
             // Show alert when noise thersold crossed
              Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "Noise Thersold Crossed, do here your stuff.",
                      Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
        }

};

3.  Create the src/YOUR PACKAGE/SoundLevelView.java and paste following code :

import android.content.Context;
import android.graphics.Canvas;
import android.graphics.Color;
import android.graphics.Paint;
import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable;
import android.util.AttributeSet;
import android.view.View;

class SoundLevelView extends View {
        private Drawable mGreen;
        private Drawable mRed;
        private Paint mBackgroundPaint;
        
        private int mHeight;
        private int mWidth;
        
        private int mThreshold = 0;
        private int mVol = 0;
        
        
        public SoundLevelView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
               super(context, attrs);
 
                mGreen  = context.getResources().getDrawable(
                          R.drawable.greenbar);
                mRed    = context.getResources().getDrawable(
                          R.drawable.redbar);
                
                mWidth  = mGreen.getIntrinsicWidth();
                setMinimumWidth(mWidth*10);
                
                mHeight = mGreen.getIntrinsicHeight();
                setMinimumHeight(mHeight);
                
                //Used to paint canvas background color
                mBackgroundPaint = new Paint();
                mBackgroundPaint.setColor(Color.BLACK);
        
        }
        
        public void setLevel(int volume, int threshold) {
                if (volume == mVol && threshold == mThreshold) return;
                mVol = volume;
                mThreshold = threshold;
                
                // invalidate Call onDraw method and draw voice points
                invalidate();
        }
        
        @Override
        public void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
               
                canvas.drawPaint(mBackgroundPaint);
               
                for (int i=0; i<= mVol; i++) {
                        Drawable bar;
                        if (i< mThreshold) 
                            bar = mGreen;
                        else           
                            bar = mRed;
 
                        bar.setBounds((10-i)*mWidth, 0, (10-i+1)*mWidth, mHeight);
                        bar.draw(canvas);
                }
        }
}

     SoundLevelView class is used to draw a sound meter on view ( Called in main.xml file ).

4.  Create the src/YOUR PACKAGE/SoundMeter.java  to record noise/sound. and paste following code :

import java.io.IOException;
import android.media.MediaRecorder;

public class SoundMeter {
        // This file is used to record voice
        static final private double EMA_FILTER = 0.6;

        private MediaRecorder mRecorder = null;
        private double mEMA = 0.0;

        public void start() {
               
            if (mRecorder == null) {
                    
                        mRecorder = new MediaRecorder();
                        mRecorder.setAudioSource(MediaRecorder.AudioSource.MIC);
                        mRecorder.setOutputFormat(MediaRecorder.OutputFormat.THREE_GPP);
                        mRecorder.setAudioEncoder(MediaRecorder.AudioEncoder.AMR_NB);
                        mRecorder.setOutputFile("/dev/null");
                        
                        try {
                            mRecorder.prepare();
                        } catch (IllegalStateException e) {
                            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        } catch (IOException e) {
                            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                        
                       mRecorder.start();
                       mEMA = 0.0;
                }
        }
        
        public void stop() {
                if (mRecorder != null) {
                        mRecorder.stop();     
                        mRecorder.release();
                        mRecorder = null;
                }
        }
        
        public double getAmplitude() {
                if (mRecorder != null)
                        return  (mRecorder.getMaxAmplitude()/2700.0);
                else
                        return 0;

        }

        public double getAmplitudeEMA() {
                double amp = getAmplitude();
                mEMA = EMA_FILTER * amp + (1.0 - EMA_FILTER) * mEMA;
                return mEMA;
        }
}

4.  Open  AndroidMainifest.xml : 
     Add Permission

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WAKE_LOCK" />

Thats it.
Note: You can run this apps only on live devices. But before installing this apps on your mobile, Please check the list of sensors running on you mobile. 

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How to use Light Sensor Android

This is a simple example to create an app using Light Sensor. Here you will learn basics of Light Sensor.

Follow these steps:

1. Create an android project.
2.Create a Main activity (MainLight.java)

import android.app.Activity;
import android.hardware.Sensor;
import android.hardware.SensorEvent;
import android.hardware.SensorEventListener;
import android.hardware.SensorManager;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class MainLight extends Activity implements SensorEventListener {
    private SensorManager mgr;
    private Sensor light;
    private TextView text;
    private StringBuilder msg = new StringBuilder(2048);

    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.main);

        mgr = (SensorManager) this.getSystemService(SENSOR_SERVICE);

        light = mgr.getDefaultSensor(Sensor.TYPE_LIGHT);
       
        text = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.text);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onResume() {
        mgr.registerListener(this, light, SensorManager.SENSOR_DELAY_NORMAL);
      super.onResume();
    }

    @Override
    protected void onPause() {
        mgr.unregisterListener(this, light);
      super.onPause();
    }

  public void onAccuracyChanged(Sensor sensor, int accuracy) {
    msg.insert(0, sensor.getName() + " accuracy changed: " + accuracy +
        (accuracy==1?" (LOW)":(accuracy==2?" (MED)":" (HIGH)")) + "\n");
    text.setText(msg);
    text.invalidate();
  }

  public void onSensorChanged(SensorEvent event) {
    msg.insert(0, "Got a sensor event: " + event.values[0] + " SI lux units\n");
    text.setText(msg);
    text.invalidate();
  }
}

3.  Create the resource res/layout/main.xml and paste following code

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
    <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
        android:orientation="vertical"
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"  android:layout_height="fill_parent" >
      <TextView  android:id="@+id/text" android:textSize="20sp"
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"  android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
    </LinearLayout>

 Thats it.
Note: You can run this apps only on live devices. But before installing this apps on your mobile, Please check the list of sensors running on you mobile. 

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How to use Gyroscope Sensor in Android

This is a simple example to create an app using Gyroscope Sensor. Here you will learn basics of Gyroscope Sensor.

Follow these steps:

1. Create an android project.
2.Create a Main activity (MainGyroscope.java)

import android.app.Activity;
import android.hardware.Sensor;
import android.hardware.SensorEvent;
import android.hardware.SensorEventListener;
import android.hardware.SensorManager;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class MainGyroscope extends Activity implements SensorEventListener {
    private SensorManager mgr;
    private Sensor gyro;
    private TextView text;
    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.main);
        mgr = (SensorManager) this.getSystemService(SENSOR_SERVICE);
        gyro = mgr.getDefaultSensor(Sensor.TYPE_GYROSCOPE);
        text = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.text);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onResume() {
        mgr.registerListener(this, gyro, SensorManager.SENSOR_DELAY_GAME);
      super.onResume();
    }

    @Override
    protected void onPause() {
        mgr.unregisterListener(this, gyro);
      super.onPause();
    }

  public void onAccuracyChanged(Sensor sensor, int accuracy) {

  }

  public void onSensorChanged(SensorEvent event) {
    String msg = "0: " + event.values[0] + "\n" +
        "1: " + event.values[1] + "\n" +
        "2: " + event.values[2] + "\n";
    text.setText(msg);
    text.invalidate();
  }
}

3.  Create the resource res/layout/main.xml and paste following code

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"  android:layout_height="fill_parent" >
  <TextView  android:id="@+id/text" android:textSize="20sp"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"  android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
</LinearLayout>

 Thats it.
Note: You can run this apps only on live devices. But before installing this apps on your mobile, Please check the list of sensors running on you mobile.

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How to use Accelerometer in Android

Basic example of Accelerometer: How to Detect Phone Shake Motion
When Accelerometer force value cross thersold showing an alert for motion detected.
Follow these steps to create an app:
1. Create a Main activity (MainAccelerometer.java):

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.util.Log;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class MainAccelerometer extends Activity implements AccelerometerListener{

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.accelerometer_example_main);
        
        // Check onResume Method to start accelerometer listener
    }
   
    public void onAccelerationChanged(float x, float y, float z) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        
    }

    public void onShake(float force) {
        
        // Do your stuff here
        
        // Called when Motion Detected
        Toast.makeText(getBaseContext(), "Motion detected",
                Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        
    }

    @Override
    public void onResume() {
            super.onResume();
            Toast.makeText(getBaseContext(), "onResume Accelerometer Started",
                    Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            
            //Check device supported Accelerometer senssor or not
            if (AccelerometerManager.isSupported(this)) {
                
                //Start Accelerometer Listening
                AccelerometerManager.startListening(this);
            }
    }
    
    @Override
    public void onStop() {
            super.onStop();
            
            //Check device supported Accelerometer senssor or not
            if (AccelerometerManager.isListening()) {
                
                //Start Accelerometer Listening
                AccelerometerManager.stopListening();
                
                Toast.makeText(getBaseContext(), "onStop Accelerometer Stoped",
                         Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
           
    }
    
    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        Log.i("Sensor", "Service  distroy");
        
        //Check device supported Accelerometer senssor or not
        if (AccelerometerManager.isListening()) {
            
            //Start Accelerometer Listening
            AccelerometerManager.stopListening();
            
            Toast.makeText(getBaseContext(), "onDestroy Accelerometer Stoped",
                   Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }
            
    }

}

When you create this page, You will get an error due to missing of AccelerometerListener interface.
So, Next create an interface...

2  src/AccelerometerListener.java

      public interface AccelerometerListener {
     
    public void onAccelerationChanged(float x, float y, float z);
 
    public void onShake(float force);
 
      }

3 src/AccelerometerManager.java

import java.util.List;
import android.content.Context;
import android.hardware.Sensor;
import android.hardware.SensorEvent;
import android.hardware.SensorEventListener;
import android.hardware.SensorManager;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class AccelerometerManager {
 
    private static Context aContext=null;
    
    
    /** Accuracy configuration */
    private static float threshold  = 15.0f;
    private static int interval     = 200;
 
    private static Sensor sensor;
    private static SensorManager sensorManager;
    // you could use an OrientationListener array instead
    // if you plans to use more than one listener
    private static AccelerometerListener listener;
 
    /** indicates whether or not Accelerometer Sensor is supported */
    private static Boolean supported;
    /** indicates whether or not Accelerometer Sensor is running */
    private static boolean running = false;
 
    /**
     * Returns true if the manager is listening to orientation changes
     */
    public static boolean isListening() {
        return running;
    }
 
    /**
     * Unregisters listeners
     */
    public static void stopListening() {
        running = false;
        try {
            if (sensorManager != null && sensorEventListener != null) {
                sensorManager.unregisterListener(sensorEventListener);
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {}
    }
 
    /**
     * Returns true if at least one Accelerometer sensor is available
     */
    public static boolean isSupported(Context context) {
        aContext = context;
        if (supported == null) {
            if (aContext != null) {
                
                
                sensorManager = (SensorManager) aContext.
                        getSystemService(Context.SENSOR_SERVICE);
                
                // Get all sensors in device
                List<Sensor> sensors = sensorManager.getSensorList(
                        Sensor.TYPE_ACCELEROMETER);
                
                supported = new Boolean(sensors.size() > 0);
                
                
                
            } else {
                supported = Boolean.FALSE;
            }
        }
        return supported;
    }
 
    /**
     * Configure the listener for shaking
     * @param threshold
     *             minimum acceleration variation for considering shaking
     * @param interval
     *             minimum interval between to shake events
     */
    public static void configure(int threshold, int interval) {
        AccelerometerManager.threshold = threshold;
        AccelerometerManager.interval = interval;
    }
 
    /**
     * Registers a listener and start listening
     * @param accelerometerListener
     *             callback for accelerometer events
     */
    public static void startListening( AccelerometerListener accelerometerListener )
    {
        
        sensorManager = (SensorManager) aContext.
                getSystemService(Context.SENSOR_SERVICE);
        
        // Take all sensors in device
        List<Sensor> sensors = sensorManager.getSensorList(
                Sensor.TYPE_ACCELEROMETER);
        
        if (sensors.size() > 0) {
            
            sensor = sensors.get(0);
            
            // Register Accelerometer Listener
            running = sensorManager.registerListener(
                    sensorEventListener, sensor,
                    SensorManager.SENSOR_DELAY_GAME);
            
            listener = accelerometerListener;
        }
        
        
    }
 
    /**
     * Configures threshold and interval
     * And registers a listener and start listening
     * @param accelerometerListener
     *             callback for accelerometer events
     * @param threshold
     *             minimum acceleration variation for considering shaking
     * @param interval
     *             minimum interval between to shake events
     */
    public static void startListening(
            AccelerometerListener accelerometerListener,
            int threshold, int interval) {
        configure(threshold, interval);
        startListening(accelerometerListener);
    }
 
    /**
     * The listener that listen to events from the accelerometer listener
     */
    private static SensorEventListener sensorEventListener =
        new SensorEventListener() {
 
        private long now = 0;
        private long timeDiff = 0;
        private long lastUpdate = 0;
        private long lastShake = 0;
 
        private float x = 0;
        private float y = 0;
        private float z = 0;
        private float lastX = 0;
        private float lastY = 0;
        private float lastZ = 0;
        private float force = 0;
 
        public void onAccuracyChanged(Sensor sensor, int accuracy) {}
 
        public void onSensorChanged(SensorEvent event) {
            // use the event timestamp as reference
            // so the manager precision won't depends
            // on the AccelerometerListener implementation
            // processing time
            now = event.timestamp;
 
            x = event.values[0];
            y = event.values[1];
            z = event.values[2];
 
            // if not interesting in shake events
            // just remove the whole if then else block
            if (lastUpdate == 0) {
                lastUpdate = now;
                lastShake = now;
                lastX = x;
                lastY = y;
                lastZ = z;
                Toast.makeText(aContext,"No Motion detected",
                   Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                
            } else {
                timeDiff = now - lastUpdate;
               
                if (timeDiff > 0) {
                    
                    /*force = Math.abs(x + y + z - lastX - lastY - lastZ)
                                / timeDiff;*/
                    force = Math.abs(x + y + z - lastX - lastY - lastZ);
                    
                    if (Float.compare(force, threshold) >0 ) {
                        //Toast.makeText(Accelerometer.getContext(),
                        //(now-lastShake)+"  >= "+interval, 1000).show();
                        
                        if (now - lastShake >= interval) {
                            
                            // trigger shake event
                            listener.onShake(force);
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            Toast.makeText(aContext,"No Motion detected",
                                Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                            
                        }
                        lastShake = now;
                    }
                    lastX = x;
                    lastY = y;
                    lastZ = z;
                    lastUpdate = now;
                }
                else
                {
                    Toast.makeText(aContext,"No Motion detected", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    
                }
            }
            // trigger change event
            listener.onAccelerationChanged(x, y, z);
        }
 
    };
 
}

 In this class define functions to start acclerometer sensor related functions like.. Check for acclerometer sensor,start acclerometer sensor,stop acclerometer sensor.

4.  Add following code in AndroidMainifest.xml just above </manifest>

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE"></uses-permission>

 5. Create the resource res/layout/ accelerometer_example_main.xml and paste following code

<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".MainAccelerometer" >

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"
        android:layout_centerVertical="true"
        android:text="Shake / Tilt Your Phone To Get Accelerometer Motion Alerts" />

</RelativeLayout>

That's it.
Note: You can test this app on real devices only

Read More

How to find list of sensors built in you android mobile.

I am going to teach you. How can you create an apps that displays all the sensors in the phone reporting the following characteristics:

1. Name: Name of the sensor
2. Version: Version of the sensor’s module
3. Vendor: Vendor of this sensor
4. Type: Type of this sensor
5. Max Range: maximum range of the sensor
6. Resolution: resolution of the sensor
7. Min Delay: minimum delay allowed between two events (equals to zero if this sensor only returns a value when the data it’s measuring changes)
8. Power: the power of the sensor

Lets start to develop this app. Follow these steps:

1. Create a project.
2. Open file res/values/strings.xml and replace all content with following:

<resources>
    <string name="app_name">Sensor List</string>
    <string name="hello_world">Hello world!</string>
    <string name="menu_settings">Settings</string>
    <string name="name_label">Name</string>
    <string name="vendor_label">Vendor</string>
    <string name="default_text">not found</string>
    <string name="type_label">Type</string>
    <string name="version_label">Version</string>
    <string name="maximum_range_label">Max Range</string>
    <string name="min_delay_label">Min Delay</string>
    <string name="resolution_label">Resolution</string>
    <string name="power_label">Power</string>
</resources>

             These string name, we will use in entire project.

      3.  Now create the file res/values/types.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
    <string name="accelerometer">accelerometer sensor</string>
    <string name="ambient_temperature">ambient temperature sensor</string>
    <string name="gravity">gravity sensor</string>
    <string name="gyroscope">gyroscope sensor</string>
    <string name="light">light sensor</string>
    <string name="linear_acceleration">linear acceleration sensor</string>
    <string name="magnetic_field">magnetic field sensor</string>
    <string name="orientation">orientation sensor (deprecated)</string>
    <string name="pressure">pressure sensor</string>
    <string name="proximity">proximity sensor</string>
    <string name="relative_humidity">relative humidity sensor</string>
    <string name="rotation_vector">rotation vector sensor</string>
    <string name="temperature">temperature sensor (deprecated)</string>
    <string name="unknown">unknown sensor</string>
</resources>

      4.  Open the file res/values/styles.xml  and replace with following code:

<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">

 <style name="AppTheme" parent="android:Theme.Light" />

 <style
  name="TitleLabel"
  parent="@android:style/Widget.TextView">
  <item name="android:textStyle">italic</item>
  <item name="android:textSize">14sp</item>
 </style>

 <style
  name="BodyLabel"
  parent="@android:style/Widget.TextView">
  <item name="android:textStyle">italic</item>
  <item name="android:textSize">12sp</item>
 </style>

 <style
  name="TitleView"
  parent="@android:style/Widget.TextView">
  <item name="android:textStyle">bold</item>
  <item name="android:textSize">14sp</item>
 </style>

 <style
  name="BodyView"
  parent="@android:style/Widget.TextView">
  <item name="android:textSize">12sp</item>
 </style>

</resources>

  5. There are many sensors using in your mobile. To view all sensors in a list. Create  the resource res/layout/list_item.xml

<HorizontalScrollView xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent" >

    <RelativeLayout
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:paddingTop="10sp"
        android:paddingBottom="10sp" >

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/nameLabel"
            style="@style/TitleLabel"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
            android:layout_alignParentTop="true"
            android:layout_marginLeft="10dp"
            android:text="@string/name_label" />

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/vendorLabel"
            style="@style/TitleLabel"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_alignLeft="@id/nameLabel"
            android:layout_below="@id/nameLabel"
            android:text="@string/vendor_label" />

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/typeLabel"
            style="@style/BodyLabel"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_alignLeft="@id/vendorLabel"
            android:layout_below="@id/vendorLabel"
            android:text="@string/type_label" />

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/maximumRangeLabel"
            style="@style/BodyLabel"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_alignLeft="@id/typeLabel"
            android:layout_below="@id/typeLabel"
            android:text="@string/maximum_range_label" />

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/resolutionLabel"
            style="@style/BodyLabel"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_alignLeft="@id/maximumRangeLabel"
            android:layout_below="@id/maximumRangeLabel"
            android:text="@string/resolution_label" />

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/minDelayLabel"
            style="@style/BodyLabel"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_alignLeft="@id/resolutionLabel"
            android:layout_below="@id/resolutionLabel"
            android:text="@string/min_delay_label" />

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/powerLabel"
            style="@style/BodyLabel"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_alignLeft="@id/minDelayLabel"
            android:layout_below="@id/minDelayLabel"
            android:text="@string/power_label" />

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/nameView"
            style="@style/TitleView"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_alignBaseline="@id/nameLabel"
            android:layout_alignBottom="@id/nameLabel"
            android:layout_marginLeft="40dp"
            android:layout_toRightOf="@id/nameLabel"
            android:singleLine="true"
            android:text="@string/default_text" />

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/versionLabel"
            style="@style/BodyLabel"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_alignBaseline="@id/nameView"
            android:layout_alignBottom="@id/nameView"
            android:layout_marginLeft="10dp"
            android:layout_toRightOf="@id/nameView"
            android:text="@string/version_label" />

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/vendorView"
            style="@style/TitleView"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_alignBaseline="@id/vendorLabel"
            android:layout_alignBottom="@id/vendorLabel"
            android:layout_alignLeft="@id/nameView"
            android:singleLine="true"
            android:text="@string/default_text" />

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/typeView"
            style="@style/BodyView"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_alignBaseline="@id/typeLabel"
            android:layout_alignBottom="@id/typeLabel"
            android:layout_alignLeft="@id/nameView"
            android:text="@string/default_text" />

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/versionView"
            style="@style/BodyView"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_alignBaseline="@id/versionLabel"
            android:layout_alignBottom="@id/versionLabel"
            android:layout_marginLeft="10dp"
            android:layout_toRightOf="@id/versionLabel"
            android:text="@string/default_text" />

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/maximumRangeView"
            style="@style/BodyView"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_alignBaseline="@id/maximumRangeLabel"
            android:layout_alignBottom="@id/maximumRangeLabel"
            android:layout_alignLeft="@id/nameView"
            android:text="@string/default_text" />

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/unitsRangeView"
            style="@style/BodyView"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_alignBaseline="@id/maximumRangeView"
            android:layout_alignBottom="@id/maximumRangeView"
            android:layout_marginLeft="2dp"
            android:layout_toRightOf="@id/maximumRangeView"
            android:text="" />

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/minDelayView"
            style="@style/BodyView"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_alignBaseline="@id/minDelayLabel"
            android:layout_alignBottom="@id/minDelayLabel"
            android:layout_alignLeft="@id/nameView"
            android:text="@string/default_text" />

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/unitsDelayView"
            style="@style/BodyView"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_alignBaseline="@id/minDelayView"
            android:layout_alignBottom="@id/minDelayView"
            android:layout_marginLeft="2dp"
            android:layout_toRightOf="@id/minDelayView"
            android:text="" />

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/powerView"
            style="@style/BodyView"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_alignBaseline="@id/powerLabel"
            android:layout_alignBottom="@id/powerLabel"
            android:layout_alignLeft="@id/nameView"
            android:text="@string/default_text" />

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/unitsPowerView"
            style="@style/BodyView"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_alignBaseline="@id/powerView"
            android:layout_alignBottom="@id/powerView"
            android:layout_marginLeft="2dp"
            android:layout_toRightOf="@id/powerView"
            android:text="" />

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/resolutionView"
            style="@style/BodyView"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_alignBaseline="@id/resolutionLabel"
            android:layout_alignBottom="@id/resolutionLabel"
            android:layout_alignLeft="@id/nameView"
            android:text="@string/default_text" />

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/unitsResolutionView"
            style="@style/BodyView"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_alignBaseline="@id/resolutionView"
            android:layout_alignBottom="@id/resolutionView"
            android:layout_marginLeft="2dp"
            android:layout_toRightOf="@id/resolutionView"
            android:text="" />

    </RelativeLayout>

</HorizontalScrollView>

    You have created all xml files required to display contents . Now its time to play with Java coding to make this apps live.

     6.   Open your MainActivity.java page (Check in src\YOUR PACKAGE\)     and replace all content with following content except first line (indicating import your package)

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;

import android.app.ListActivity;
import android.content.Context;
import android.hardware.Sensor;
import android.hardware.SensorEvent;
import android.hardware.SensorEventListener;
import android.hardware.SensorManager;
import android.os.Bundle;

public class MainActivity extends ListActivity implements SensorEventListener {

    private SensorAdapter adapter;
    private List<MySensor> sensorList;

    public void onAccuracyChanged(Sensor sensor, int accuracy) {
    }

    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

    sensorList = new ArrayList<MySensor>(); /* It is an array containing the Sensor objects that are the sensors of the phone */
    sensorList = getSensors();
    adapter = new SensorAdapter(this, R.layout.list_item, sensorList);
    setListAdapter(adapter);
    }

    public void onSensorChanged(SensorEvent event) {
    }

    private List<MySensor> getSensors() {    /*I find all the sensors of the phone and I add them as objects of the class MySensor to a List that I set to ArrayList<MySensor> in the onCreate event*/

    List<MySensor> list = new ArrayList<MySensor>();

    SensorManager sm = (SensorManager) getSystemService(Context.SENSOR_SERVICE);
    List<Sensor> phoneSensor = sm.getSensorList(Sensor.TYPE_ALL);

    Iterator<Sensor> it = phoneSensor.iterator();
    while (it.hasNext()) {
        Sensor s = it.next();
        list.add(new MySensor(s, getApplicationContext()));
    }

    return list;
    }
}

Check this line: public class MainActivity extends ListActivity implements SensorEventListener
Here MainActivity is extended by ListActivity. Because it's easy to show contents in list view using ListActivity.

7.   Create SensorAdapter.java class on same folder where your MainActivity.java file stored.

8.   Open this page. Copy following content and paste it.

      import java.util.List;

import android.content.Context;
import android.os.Build;
import android.text.Html;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.LinearLayout;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class SensorAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<MySensor> {

    private static final int SDK = Build.VERSION.SDK_INT;
    private int resource;

    public SensorAdapter(Context context, int resource, List<MySensor> items) {
    super(context, resource, items);
    this.resource = resource;
    }

    @Override
    public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
    LinearLayout newView;

    if (convertView == null) {
        newView = new LinearLayout(getContext());
        String inflater = Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE;
        LayoutInflater li;
        li = (LayoutInflater) getContext().getSystemService(inflater);
        li.inflate(resource, newView, true);
    } else {
        newView = (LinearLayout) convertView;
    }

    TextView nameView = (TextView) newView.findViewById(R.id.nameView);
    TextView vendorView = (TextView) newView.findViewById(R.id.vendorView);
    TextView typeView = (TextView) newView.findViewById(R.id.typeView);
    TextView versionView = (TextView) newView
        .findViewById(R.id.versionView);
    TextView maximumRangeView = (TextView) newView
        .findViewById(R.id.maximumRangeView);
    TextView minDelayView = (TextView) newView
        .findViewById(R.id.minDelayView);
    TextView powerView = (TextView) newView.findViewById(R.id.powerView);
    TextView resolutionView = (TextView) newView
        .findViewById(R.id.resolutionView);
    TextView unitsRangeView = (TextView) newView
        .findViewById(R.id.unitsRangeView);
    TextView unitsResolutionView = (TextView) newView
        .findViewById(R.id.unitsResolutionView);
    TextView unitsDelayView = (TextView) newView
        .findViewById(R.id.unitsDelayView);
    TextView unitsPowerView = (TextView) newView
        .findViewById(R.id.unitsPowerView);

    if (SDK < Build.VERSION_CODES.GINGERBREAD) {
        TextView minDelayLabel = (TextView) newView
            .findViewById(R.id.minDelayLabel);
        minDelayLabel.setVisibility(View.GONE);
        minDelayView.setVisibility(View.GONE);
        unitsDelayView.setVisibility(View.GONE);
    }

    MySensor mySensor = getItem(position);

    nameView.setText(mySensor.getName());
    vendorView.setText(mySensor.getVendor());
    typeView.setText(mySensor.getTypeDescription());
    versionView.setText(String.valueOf(mySensor.getVersion()));
    maximumRangeView.setText(String.valueOf(mySensor.getMaximumRange()));
    if (SDK >= Build.VERSION_CODES.GINGERBREAD)
        minDelayView.setText(String.valueOf(mySensor.getMinDelay()));
    powerView.setText(String.valueOf(mySensor.getPower()));
    resolutionView.setText(String.format("%f", mySensor.getResolution()));
    unitsRangeView.setText(Html.fromHtml(mySensor.getUnits()));
    unitsResolutionView.setText(Html.fromHtml(mySensor.getUnits()));
    if (SDK >= Build.VERSION_CODES.GINGERBREAD)
        unitsDelayView.setText(Html.fromHtml(mySensor.getDelayUnits()));
    unitsPowerView.setText(Html.fromHtml(mySensor.getPowerUnits()));

    return newView;

    }
}

 When you extend an ArrayAdapter, you override the method getView to set the layout (res/layout/list_item.xml)
I display and set the text views related to “Min Delay” only if the API level is equal to or greater than Gingerbread
some strings are displayed using the method Html.fromHtml(String source) because they contain special characters (µ or ²).

  9.  Create a class MySensor.java  on same package where MainActivity.java class stored. Copy following content and paste into MySensor.java class.

import android.annotation.TargetApi;
import android.content.Context;
import android.hardware.Sensor;
import android.os.Build;

public class MySensor {

    private final static String MICRO = "&amp;#x3BC;";
    private static final int SDK = Build.VERSION.SDK_INT;
    private final static String SQUARE = "&amp;#xB2;";
    private Context context;
    private float maximumRange, minDelay, power, resolution;
    private String name, vendor;
    private int type, version;

    @TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.GINGERBREAD)
    public MySensor(Sensor sensor, Context context) {
    this.name = sensor.getName();
    this.vendor = sensor.getVendor();
    this.type = sensor.getType();
    this.version = sensor.getVersion();
    this.maximumRange = sensor.getMaximumRange();
    if (SDK >= Build.VERSION_CODES.GINGERBREAD)
        this.minDelay = sensor.getMinDelay();
    this.power = sensor.getPower();
    this.resolution = sensor.getResolution();
    this.context = context;
    }

    public String getDelayUnits() {
    return MICRO + "s";
    }

    public float getMaximumRange() {
    return maximumRange;
    }

    public float getMinDelay() {
    return minDelay;
    }

    public String getName() {
    return name;
    }

    public float getPower() {
    return power;
    }

    public String getPowerUnits() {
    return "mA";
    }

    public float getResolution() {
    return resolution;
    }

    public int getType() {
    return type;
    }

    public String getTypeDescription() {
    String description = null;

    switch (type) {
    case Sensor.TYPE_ACCELEROMETER:
        description = context.getResources().getString(
            R.string.accelerometer);
        break;
    case Sensor.TYPE_AMBIENT_TEMPERATURE:
        description = context.getResources().getString(
            R.string.ambient_temperature);
        break;
    case Sensor.TYPE_GRAVITY:
        description = context.getResources().getString(R.string.gravity);
        break;
    case Sensor.TYPE_GYROSCOPE:
        description = context.getResources().getString(R.string.gyroscope);
        break;
    case Sensor.TYPE_LIGHT:
        description = context.getResources().getString(R.string.light);
        break;
    case Sensor.TYPE_LINEAR_ACCELERATION:
        description = context.getResources().getString(
            R.string.linear_acceleration);
        break;
    case Sensor.TYPE_MAGNETIC_FIELD:
        description = context.getResources().getString(
            R.string.magnetic_field);
        break;
    case Sensor.TYPE_ORIENTATION:
        description = context.getResources()
            .getString(R.string.orientation);
        break;
    case Sensor.TYPE_PRESSURE:
        description = context.getResources().getString(R.string.pressure);
        break;
    case Sensor.TYPE_PROXIMITY:
        description = context.getResources().getString(R.string.proximity);
        break;
    case Sensor.TYPE_RELATIVE_HUMIDITY:
        description = context.getResources().getString(
            R.string.relative_humidity);
        break;
    case Sensor.TYPE_ROTATION_VECTOR:
        description = context.getResources().getString(
            R.string.rotation_vector);
        break;
    case Sensor.TYPE_TEMPERATURE:
        description = context.getResources()
            .getString(R.string.temperature);
        break;
    default:
        description = context.getResources().getString(R.string.unknown);
        break;
    }

    return description;
    }

    public String getUnits() {
    String units = null;

    switch (type) {
    case Sensor.TYPE_ACCELEROMETER:
        units = "m/s" + SQUARE;
        break;
    case Sensor.TYPE_AMBIENT_TEMPERATURE:
        units = "°C";
        break;
    case Sensor.TYPE_GRAVITY:
        units = "m/s" + SQUARE;
        break;
    case Sensor.TYPE_GYROSCOPE:
        units = "rad/s";
        break;
    case Sensor.TYPE_LIGHT:
        units = "SI lux";
        break;
    case Sensor.TYPE_LINEAR_ACCELERATION:
        units = "m/s" + SQUARE;
        break;
    case Sensor.TYPE_MAGNETIC_FIELD:
        units = MICRO + "T";
        break;
    case Sensor.TYPE_ORIENTATION:
        units = "°";
        break;
    case Sensor.TYPE_PRESSURE:
        units = "hPa";
        break;
    case Sensor.TYPE_PROXIMITY:
        units = "cm";
        break;
    case Sensor.TYPE_RELATIVE_HUMIDITY:
        units = "";
        break;
    case Sensor.TYPE_ROTATION_VECTOR:
        units = "";
        break;
    case Sensor.TYPE_TEMPERATURE:
        units = "°C";
        break;
    default:
        units = "unknown";
        break;
    }

    return units;
    }

    public String getVendor() {
    return vendor;
    }

    public int getVersion() {
    return version;
    }

    public void setMaximumRange(float maximumRange) {
    this.maximumRange = maximumRange;
    }

    public void setMinDelay(float minDelay) {
    this.minDelay = minDelay;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
    this.name = name;
    }

    public void setPower(float power) {
    this.power = power;
    }

    public void setResolution(float resolution) {
    this.resolution = resolution;
    }

    public void setType(int type) {
    this.type = type;
    }

    public void setVendor(String vendor) {
    this.vendor = vendor;
    }

    public void setVersion(int version) {
    this.version = version;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
    return name;
    }

}

The method getMinDelay of the class Sensor is new with GingerBread (API 9, Android 2.3), then you can use it only after the condition that the API level of the device is equal to or greater than 9
the annotation @TargetApi avoids a compilation error
the variables MICRO e SQUARE define some special characters in the method Html.fromHtml(String source) of the class SensorAdapte.

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